"情态动词+have done"考点重难点归纳

日期:2008-05-27  作者:
“情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计,是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳:
      1. should (ought to) have+过去分词
      表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have + 过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
      Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.(04’广西卷)
      A. should have arrived B. should arrive
      C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
      [解析]本题中的一个要害词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了,而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。
      2.needn’t have+过去分词
      表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
      As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陕西卷)
      A. mayn’tB. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
      [解析] He needn't have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)”,根据句意,答案应选[D]。
      [留意] He didn't need to come yesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。
      3.must have+过去分词
      用于肯定句,表示“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测。
      [留意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词。
      I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . (05’北京春季)
      A. must drop B. must have dropped
      C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
      [解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。
      I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (05’天津卷)
      A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
      [解析]从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。
      4.may/might have+过去分词
      表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能/大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。
      We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)
      A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’tKey:[b]
      5.can/could have+过去分词
      表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗?”。
      --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
      --- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. (NMET’98)
      A. could have stayed B. could stay
      C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A]