高中英语学习常见名词错误

日期:2008-06-18  作者:浙江平湖中学 张强
      This class consists of 45 pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。
      This class are studying English now.这个班的学生在学习英语。
      Ⅲ类:这一类包括baggage/luggage(行李), clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(机器)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,要用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式:
      Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold.我们的衣服可以御寒。
      Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托运了吗?
      7.means用法易错点
      
Every possible means_____ been tried,and wefind only______ this means can we do it well.
      A.have,in B.have,by C.has,in D.has,by
      此题应选D。其余几项均轻易被误选。这里主要涉及名词means(方式,方法,手段)的用法与搭配:
      1.单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)。若用作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:
      1)All possible means have been tried.2)Every possible means has been tried.
      若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可:
      Is [Are] there any other means of doing it?做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?
      2.表示以某种方式、方法或手段,用介词by:
      Only by this means can you do it well.只有通过这种办法你才能做好此事。
      有时用by means of,意为:用,依靠:
      Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想靠语言来表达。
      3.表示做某事的方法或手段,多接“of+(动)名词”:
      But they had no means of cooking them.但是他们没有办法来把它们煮熟。
      Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。
      8.能说I'm good friends with him吗
      —Jim,are you _______of his?—Yes,I'm______ with him.
      A.a good friend,a good friend B.good friends,good friends
      C.a good friend,good friends D.good friends,a good friend
      此题应选C。轻易误选A。
      第一句应填a good friend,这对于一般考生来说可能不成问题,因为大家比较熟悉这样的句型:
      I'm a good friend of hers.我是她的一位好朋友。
      He's a good friend of mine.他是我的一位好朋友。
      第二句应填good friends,这则是许多考生不理解的地方,因为此句主语明显是单数,而后面的表语又怎么能用复数呢?按照英美人的看法:两个人交朋友,关系是彼此的,即你是我的朋友,那我就是你的朋友,所以他们在这类表达中用复数名词。又如:
      He has made friends with her.他已与她交上朋友。
      Do you want to make friends with him?你想跟他交朋友吗?
      类似地,以下各表达中,也要用复数:
      He stood up and shook hands with us.他站起来与我们握手。
      You have to change trains at Wuhan.你必须在武汉转车。
      The teacher didn't let the two boys change seats.老师没有让这两个小男孩换座位。